Inhibition of Several Strains of Influenza Virus in Vitro and Reduction of Symptoms by an Elderberry Extract {Sambucus nigra L.) during an Outbreak of Influenza B Panama
Online J Pharmacol Pharmacokinetics, (2009)
The pdf link at the webpage above was not accessible, but I found a objective-sounding summary here: https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/85/table-of-contents/article3481/ (because full article was unavailable, unable to assess strengths and limitations of analysis and study design)
- Randomized clinical trial (RCT) examining the effect of elderberry vs. placebo lozenges in reducing influenza symptoms.
- N=32
- In subjects taking elderberry, in comparison to their symptoms at baseline, there was a statistically significant reduction in headache, nasal congestion, and fever after 48 hours.
- Subjects taking placebo actually showed a worsening in nasal congestion and headache after 48 hours.
- All subjects taking elderberry eventually had no fever.
- While there was no statistically significant reduction in cough compared to baseline in elderberry or placebo, the severity of cough in subjects taking elderberry was statistically lower compared to placebo.
- No adverse effects seen.
Keywords: RCT, influenza, symptom improvement